The Beaufort cipher, created by Sir Francis Beaufort, is a substitution cipher that is similar to the Vigenère cipher but uses a slightly modified enciphering mechanism and tableau. [1]. Its most famous application was in a rotor-based cipher machine, the Hagelin M-209[2].
To encrypt (or decrypt for that matter), first choose the plaintext character from the top row of the tableau,call this column P. Secondly, travel down column P to the corresponding keyLetter K. Finally, move directly left from the Key letter to the left edge of the tableau, the CipherText encryption of Plaintext P with Key K will be there. For example if encrypting Plain text character "d" with Key "m" the steps would be: 1) find the column with "d" on the top, 2) travel down that column to find Key "m", 3) travel to the left edge of the tableau to find the CipherText letter ("J" in this case). The Beaufort cipher is a reciprocal cipher, that is, Decryption and Encryption algorithms are the same.
The Beaufort cipher should not be confused with the "variant Beaufort" cipher. In variant Beaufort, encryption is performed by performing the decryption step of the standard Vigenère cipher, and likewise decryption is performed by using Vigenère encryption.